Touching display panel and display device using the same

ABSTRACT

A touching display panel and a display device using the same are provided. The touching display panel includes a liquid crystal layer, a first substrate having a hard surface structure, a second substrate, a touch sensor layer, a thin-film transistor layer, and a color filter layer. The first and second substrates are respectively disposed at two sides of the liquid crystal layer. The touch sensor layer is disposed between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer, and is formed on the first substrate. The thin-film transistor layer and the color filter layer are both disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. At least one of the thin-film transistor layer and the color filter layer is formed on the first substrate.

This application is a continuation application of co-pending U.S.application Ser. No. 13/536,209, filed Jun. 28, 2012, which claims thebenefit of Taiwan application Serial No. 100122641, filed Jun. 28, 2011,the subject matter of which is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The disclosure relates in general to a display panel and a displaydevice using the same, and more particularly to a touching display paneland a display device using the same.

2. Description of the Related Art

Accompanied with great advancement of the touch sensing technique, auser is able to carry out various operations by manipulating a touchpanel. When a touch panel is equipped a display panel, a user may evencarry out various operations by directly manipulating images presentedon the display panel.

Both the touch panel and the display panel comprise a glass substrate.When the touch panel is equipped on the display panel, a total thicknessaccumulated by all the glass substrates is quite formidable.

Further, both the touch panel and the display panel need a controlcircuit board for operation control. When the touch panel is equipped onthe display panel, an appropriate arrangement for the control circuitboards may be extremely complicated. Therefore, there is a need for asolution for ideally combining the touch panel and the display panel toovercome current technical drawbacks.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The disclosure is directed to a touching display panel, whichstructurally integrates a touch sensor layer, a thin-film transistorlayer or a color filter layer to a substrate having a hard surfacestructure, so as to significantly decrease the number of substrates andthus reduce a thickness of the touching display panel to resultantlyoffer an integrated touching display panel that allows optimal circuitplanning and design.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a touching displaypanel is provided. The touching display panel comprises a liquid crystallayer, a first substrate having a hard surface structure, a secondsubstrate, a touch sensor layer, a thin-film transistor layer and acolor filter layer. The first and second substrates are respectivelydisposed at two sides of the liquid crystal layer. The touch sensorlayer is disposed between the first substrate and the liquid crystallayer, and is formed on the first substrate. The thin-film transistorlayer and the color filter layer are disposed between the first andsecond substrates. At least one of the thin-film transistor layer andthe color filter layer is formed on the first substrate.

According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, a displaydevice is provided. The display device comprises a touching displaypanel and a backlight module. The touching display panel comprises aliquid crystal layer, a first substrate having a hard surface structure,a second substrate, a touch sensor layer, a thin-film transistor layerand a color filter layer. The first and second substrates arerespectively disposed at two sides of the liquid crystal layer. Thetouch sensor layer is disposed between the first substrate and theliquid crystal layer, and is formed on the first substrate. Thethin-film transistor layer and the color filter layer are disposedbetween the first and second substrates. At least one of the thin-filmtransistor layer and the color filter layer is formed on the firstsubstrate. The backlight module is for providing a backlight to thetouching display panel.

The above and other aspects of the disclosure will become betterunderstood with regard to the following detailed description of thepreferred but non-limiting embodiments. The following description ismade with reference to the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a display device according to a firstembodiment.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a display device according to a secondembodiment.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a display device according to a thirdembodiment.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a display device according to a fourthembodiment.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a display device according to a fifthembodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Various embodiments shall be given below for describing a touchingdisplay panel of the present disclosure, which structurally integrates atouch sensor layer, a thin-film transistor layer or a color filter layerto a substrate with a hard surface structure, so as to significantlydecrease the number of substrates and thus reduce a thickness of thetouching display panel to resultantly offer an integrated touchingdisplay panel that allows optimal circuit planning and design. Further,glass substrates are taken as examples for the substrates according tothe embodiments of the present disclosure rather than limiting thepresent disclosure thereto. It should also be noted that the presentdisclosure is to be described by way of example and in terms of theembodiments below, and it is also to be understood that the disclosureis not limited thereto. Further, to clearly emphasize on technicalcharacteristics of the present disclosure, certain components may not bedepicted in the diagrams.

First Embodiment

Referring to FIG. 1 showing a schematic diagram of a display device 10according to a first embodiment, the display device 10 comprises atouching display panel 100 and a backlight module BL providing a lightsource to the touching display panel 100. The touching display panel 100comprises a liquid crystal layer LC1, a first glass substrate G11, asecond glass substrate G12, a touch sensor layer TP1, a thin-filmtransistor layer TFT1 and a color filter layer CF1. In this embodiment,the first glass substrate G11 serves as an outmost-layer cover glass,which comes into contact with a user finger F and protects internalcomponents of the display panel 100 from moisture, abrasions andimpacts. The second glass substrate G12 is a glass substrate disposed ata front side of the backlight module BL. The first glass G11 comprises ahard surface structure G11 a processed by chemically enhanced treatmentsor physically enhanced treatments. In the chemically enhancedtreatments, the first glass substrate G11 is reacted with a solutioncontaining potassium (K) ions to form the hard surface structure G11 acomprising potassium ions at a surface. Contributed by a larger volumeof the potassium ions, a tight binding force is generated to increase ahardness of the glass. In the physically enhanced treatments, the firstglasses substrate G11 is grinded to remove defects at a surface thereofto further prevent probabilities of glass breakage. That is, the firstglass substrate G11 is not a conventional glass substrate used formanufacturing a thin-film transistor thin-film transistor structure, aconventional glass substrate used for manufacturing a color filterstructure, or a conventional glass substrate used for manufacturing atouch sensing structure. Therefore, the number of the glass substratesmay be significantly decrease by 2 pieces to reduce a thickness of thedisplay panel 100.

In this embodiment, through integration, the thin-film transistor layerTFT1 and the color filter layer CF1 are respectively disposed at twosides of the liquid crystal layer LC1; the touch sensor layer TP1 andthe color filter layer CF1 are joined with the first glass substrateG11. Thus, conventional glass substrates used for respectivelymanufacturing a source sensor structure and a color filter structure arenot required.

As shown in FIG. 1, the first glass substrate G11 and the second glasssubstrate G12 are respectively disposed at the two sides of the liquidcrystal layer LC1. From outside to inside, the first glass substrateG11, the touch sensor layer TP1, the color filter layer CF1, the liquidcrystal layer LC1, the thin-film transistor layer TFT1 and the secondglass substrate G12 are sequentially arranged. More specifically, thetouch sensor layer TP1 and the color filter layer CF1 are both formed onthe first glass substrate G11, the thin-film transistor layer TFT1 isformed on the second glass substrate G12, and the touch sensor layer TP1is disposed between the first glass substrate G11 and the color filterlayer CF1. Further, other materials may be arranged between the layersas required.

For example, the touching display panel 100 further comprises a firstpolarization layer PF11 and a second polarization layer PF12. The firstpolarization layer PF11 and second polarization layer PF12 may be joinedwith an internal structure of the touching display panel 100 through apolarizer-film-in-cell technique without any pasting process. Forexample, the first polarization layer PF11 and the second polarizationlayer PF12 are respectively disposed at the two sides of the liquidcrystal layer LC1. The first polarization layer PF11 may be disposedbetween the first glass substrate G11 and the touch sensor layer TP1, orbetween the touch sensor layer TP1 and the color filter layer CF1. Thesecond polarization layer PF12 may be disposed between the thin-filmtransistor layer TFT1 and the second glass substrate G12, or at an outerside of the second glass substrate G12 relative to the liquid crystallayer LC1. In the embodiment in FIG. 1, the first polarization layerPF11 is disposed between the first glass substrate G11 and the touchsensor layer TP1, and the second polarization layer PF12 is disposedbetween the thin-film transistor layer TFT1 and the second glasssubstrate G12.

For example, the touching display panel 100 further comprises a firstpolarization layer PF11 and a second polarization layer PF12. The firstpolarization layer PF11 and second polarization layer PF12 may be joinedwith an internal structure of the touching display panel 100 through apolarizer-film-in-cell technique without any pasting process. Forexample, the first polarization layer PF11 and the second polarizationlayer PF12 are respectively disposed at the two sides of the liquidcrystal layer LC1. The first polarization layer PF11 may be disposedbetween the first glass substrate G11 and the touch sensor layer TP1, orbetween the touch sensor layer TP1 and the color filter layer CF1. Thesecond polarization layer PF12 may be disposed between the thin-filmtransistor layer TFT1 and the second glass substrate G12, or at an outerside of the second glass substrate G12 relative to the liquid crystallayer LC1. In the embodiment in FIG. 1, the first polarization layerPF11 is disposed between the first glass substrate G11 and the touchsensor layer TP1, and the second polarization layer PF12 is disposedbetween the thin-film transistor layer TFT1 and the second glasssubstrate G12.

Further, a black matrix of the color filter layer CF1 may be integratedto spacing elements PS1 through a black matrix sharing technique tofurther reduce a thickness of the color filter layer CF1.

Second Embodiment

FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a display device 20 according to asecond embodiment. A difference between a touching display panel 200 ofthe display device 20 in the second embodiment and the touching displaypanel 100 in the first embodiment is positions of a touch sensor layerTP2 and a color filter layer CF2. More specifically, the color filterlayer CF2 of the touching display panel 200 is disposed between a firstglass substrate G21 and the touch sensor layer TP2. Details of othercorrespondingly components are as those previously described and shallnot be further given.

In this embodiment, the thin-film transistor layer TFT2 and the colorfilter layer CF2 are respectively disposed at two sides of a liquidcrystal layer LC2. The touch sensor layer TP2 and the glass filter layerCF2 are joined with a first glass substrate G21 having a hard surfacestructure G21 a through integration, such that a conventional glasssubstrate used for manufacturing a touch sensor layer structure and aconventional glass substrate used for manufacturing a color filterstructure are not needed. Therefore, the number of the glass substratesmay be significantly decrease by 2 pieces to reduce a thickness of thedisplay panel 200.

As shown in FIG. 2, from outside to inside, the first glass substrateG21, the color filter layer CF2, the touch sensor layer TP2, the liquidcrystal layer LC2, the thin-film transistor layer TFT2 and the secondglass substrate G22 are sequentially arranged. Other materials may bearranged between the first glass substrate G21, the color filter layerCF2, the touch sensor layer TP2, the liquid crystal layer LC2, thethin-film transistor layer TFT2 and the second glass substrate G22 asrequired.

For example, a first polarization layer PF21 and a second polarizationlayer PF22 may be joined with an internal structure of the touchingdisplay panel 200 through a polarizer-film-in-cell technique without anypasting process. For example, the first polarization layer PF21 and thesecond polarization layer PF22 are respectively disposed at the twosides of the liquid crystal layer LC2. The first polarization layer PF21may be disposed between the first glass substrate G21 and the colorfilter layer CF2, or between the color filter layer CF2 and the touchsensor layer TP2. The second polarization layer PF22 may be disposedbetween the thin-film transistor layer TFT2 and the second glasssubstrate G22, or at an outer side of the second glass substrate G22relative to the liquid crystal layer LC2. In the embodiment in FIG. 2,the first polarization layer PF21 is disposed between the first glasssubstrate G21 and the color filter CF2, and the second polarizationlayer PF22 is disposed between the thin-film transistor layer TFT2 andthe second glass substrate G22.

Further, a black matrix of the color filter layer CF2 may be integratedto spacing elements PS2 through a black matrix sharing technique tofurther reduce a thickness of the color filter layer CF2.

Third Embodiment

FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a display device 30 according to athird embodiment of the present disclosure. A difference between atouching display panel 300 of the display device 30 in the thirdembodiment and the touching display panel 100 in the first embodiment ispositions of a thin-film transistor layer TFT3 and a color filter layerCF3. More specifically, the thin-film transistor layer TFT3 is formed ona first glass substrate G31, the color filter layer CF3 is formed on asecond glass substrate G32, and a touch sensor layer TP3 is disposedbetween the first glass substrate G31 and the thin-film transistor layerTFT3. Details of other correspondingly components are as thosepreviously described and shall not be further given.

Referring to FIG. 3, in the display panel 300 according to thisembodiment of the present disclosure, through integration, the thin-filmtransistor layer TFT3 and the color filter layer CF3 are respectivelydisposed at two sides of a liquid crystal layer LC3; the touch sensorlayer TP3 and the thin-film transistor layer TFT3 are both joined with afirst glass substrate G31 having a hard surface structure G31 a, and thecolor filter layer CF3 is joined with the second glass substrate G32.Therefore, a conventional glass substrate used for manufacturing a touchsensor layer structure and a conventional glass substrate used formanufacturing a thin-film transistor structure are not needed.Accordingly, the number of the glass substrates may be significantlydecrease by 2 pieces to reduce a thickness of the display panel 300.

Further, when the touch sensor layer TP3 and the thin-film transistorlayer TFT3 are integrated to a same side of the liquid crystal layerLC3, circuits of the touch sensor layer TP3 and the thin-film transistorlayer TFT3 are given with more optimal planning and integration, so thata circuit layout design may be completed through an external circuitboard disposed at one side of the touching display panel 300.

In this embodiment, the touching display panel 300 further comprises aninsulation layer PL3. The insulation layer PL3 is disposed between thetouch sensor layer TP3 and the thin-film transistor layer TFT3, so as toprevent undesired parasitic capacitance between the touch sensor layerTP3 and the thin-film transistor layer TFT3 that may undesirably affectimage display effects or touch sensing effects.

Referring to FIG. 3, from outside to inside, the first glass substrateG31, the touch sensor layer TP3, the insulation layer PL3, the thin-filmtransistor layer TFT3, the liquid crystal layer LC3, the color filterlayer CF3 and the second glass substrate G32 are sequentially arranged.Other materials may be arranged between the first glass substrate G31,the touch sensor layer TP3, the insulation layer PL3, the thin-filmtransistor layer TFT3, the liquid crystal layer LC3, the color filterlayer CF3 and the second glass substrate G32 as required.

For example, a first polarization layer PF31 and a second polarizationlayer PF32 may be joined with an internal structure of the touchingdisplay panel 300 through a polarizer-film-in-cell technique with anypasting process. For example, the first polarization layer PF31 and thesecond polarization layer PF32 are respectively disposed at the twosides of the liquid crystal layer LC3. The first polarization layer PF31may be disposed between the first glass substrate G31 and the touchsensor layer TP3, or between the touch sensor layer TP3 and thethin-film transistor layer TFT3. That is, the first polarization layerPF31 may be disposed between the touch sensor layer TP3 and theinsulation layer PL3, or between the insulation layer PL3 and thethin-film transistor layer TFT3. The second polarization polarizationlayer PF32 may be disposed between the color filter layer CF3 and thesecond glass substrate G32, or at an outer side of the second glasssubstrate G32 relative to the liquid crystal layer LC3. In theembodiment in FIG. 3, the first polarization layer PF31 is disposedbetween the first glass substrate G31 and the touch sensor layer TP3,and the second polarization layer PF32 is disposed between the colorfilter layer CF3 and the second glass substrate G32.

Further, a black matrix of the color filter layer CF3 may be integratedto spacing elements PS3 through a black matrix sharing technique tofurther reduce a thickness of the color filter layer CF3.

Fourth Embodiment

FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a display device 40 according to afourth embodiment of the present disclosure. A difference between atouching display panel 400 of the display device 40 in the fourthembodiment and the touching display panel 100 in the first embodiment isa position of a thin-film transistor layer TFT4. More specifically, thethin-film transistor layer TFT4 and the color filter layer CF4 are bothdisposed between a first glass substrate G41 and a liquid crystal layerLC4, and the color filter layer CF4 is disposed between a touch sensorlayer TP4 and the thin-film transistor layer TFT4. Details of othercorrespondingly components are as those previously described and shallnot be further given.

Referring to FIG. 4, in the display panel 400 according to thisembodiment of the present disclosure, through integration, the thin-filmtransistor layer TFT4 and the color filter layer CF4 are disposed at asame side of a liquid crystal layer LC4; the touch sensor layer TP4, theglass filter layer CF4 and a thin-film transistor layer TFT4 are alljoined with a first glass substrate G41 having a hard surface structureG41 a. Therefore, a conventional glass substrate used for manufacturinga touch sensor layer structure, a conventional glass substrate used formanufacturing a color filter structure, and a conventional glasssubstrate used for manufacturing a thin-film transistor structure arenot needed.

Further, when the touch sensor layer TP4 and the thin-film transistorlayer TFT4 are integrated to a same side of the liquid crystal layerLC4, circuits of the touch sensor layer TP4 and the thin-film transistorlayer TFT4 are given with more optimal planning and integration, so thata circuit layout design may be completed through an external circuitboard disposed at one side of the touching display panel 400.

Referring to FIG. 4, from outside to inside, the first glass substrateG41, the touch sensor layer TP4, the color filter layer CF4, thethin-film transistor layer TFT4, the liquid crystal layer LC4 and thesecond glass substrate G42 are sequentially arranged. Other materialsmay be arranged between the first glass substrate G41, the touch sensorlayer TP4, the color filter layer CF4, the thin-film transistor layerTFT4, the liquid crystal layer LC4 and the second glass substrate G42arranged in sequence as required.

For example, a first polarization layer PF41 and a second polarizationlayer PF42 are joined with an internal structure of the touching displaypanel 400 through a polarizer-film-in-cell technique without any pastingprocess. For example, the first polarization layer PF41 and the secondpolarization layer PF42 are respectively disposed at the two sides ofthe liquid crystal layer LC4. The first polarization layer PF41 may bedisposed between the first glass substrate G41 and the touch sensorlayer TP4, between the touch sensor layer TP4 and the color filter layerCF4, or between the color filter layer CF4 and the thin-film transistorlayer TFT4. The second polarization layer PF42 may be disposed at anouter side of the second glass substrate G42 relative to the liquidcrystal layer LC4. In the embodiment in FIG. 4, the first polarizationlayer PF41 is disposed between the first glass substrate G41 and thetouch sensor layer TP4, and the second polarization layer PF42 isdisposed at an outer side of the second glass substrate G42.

Further, a black matrix of the color filter layer CF4 may be integratedto spacing elements PS4 through a black matrix sharing technique tofurther reduce a thickness of the color filter layer CF4.

Fifth Embodiment

FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a display device 50 according to afifth embodiment of the present disclosure. A difference between atouching display panel 500 of the display device 50 in the fifthembodiment and the touching display panel 400 in the fourth embodimentis positions of a thin-film transistor layer TFT5 and a color filterlayer CF5. More specifically, the thin-film transistor layer TFT5 isdisposed between the touch sensor layer TP5 and the color filter layerCF5, and the touch sensor layer TP5 is disposed between the first glasssubstrate G51 and the thin-film transistor layer TFT5. Details of othercorrespondingly components are as those previously described and shallnot be further given.

Referring to FIG. 5, in the display panel 500 according to thisembodiment of the present disclosure, through integration, the thin-filmtransistor layer TFT5 and the color filter layer CF5 are disposed at asame side of a liquid crystal layer LC5; the touch sensor layer TP5, thethin-film transistor layer TFT5 and the color filter layer G51 are alljoined with a first glass substrate G51 having a hard surface structureG51 a. Therefore, a conventional glass substrate used for manufacturinga touch sensor layer structure, a conventional glass substrate used formanufacturing a thin-film transistor structure, and a conventional glasssubstrate used for manufacturing a color filter structure are notneeded.

Further, when the touch sensor layer TP5 and the thin-film transistorlayer TFT5 are integrated to a same side of the liquid crystal layerLC5, circuits of the touch sensor layer TP5 and the thin-film transistorlayer TFT5 are given with more optimal planning and integration, so thata circuit layout design may be completed through an external circuitboard disposed at one side of the touching display panel 500.

In this embodiment, the touching display panel 500 further comprises aninsulation layer PL5. The insulation layer PL5 is disposed between thetouch sensor layer TP5 and the thin-film transistor layer TFT5, so as toprevent undesired parasitic capacitance between the touch sensor layerTP5 and the thin-film transistor layer TFT5 that may undesirably affectimage display effects or touch sensing effects.

Referring to FIG. 5, from outside to inside, the first glass substrateG51, the touch sensor layer TP5, the insulation layer PL5, the thin-filmtransistor layer TFT5, the color filter layer CF5, the liquid crystallayer LC5 and the second glass substrate G52 are sequentially arranged.Other materials may be arranged between the first glass substrate G51,the touch sensor layer TP5, the insulation layer PL5, the thin-filmtransistor layer TFT5, the color filter layer CF5, the liquid crystallayer LC5 and the second glass substrate G52 as required.

For example, a first polarization layer PF51 and a second polarizationlayer PF52 are joined with an internal structure of the touching displaypanel 500 through a polarizer-film-in-cell technique without any pastingprocess. For example, the first polarization layer PF51 and the secondpolarization layer PF52 are respectively disposed at the two sides ofthe liquid crystal layer LC5. The first polarization layer PF51 may bedisposed between the first glass substrate G51 and the touch sensorlayer TP5, or between the touch sensor layer TP5 and the thin-filmtransistor layer TFT5. That is, the first polarization layer PF51 may bedisposed between the touch the touch sensor layer TP5 and the insulationlayer PL5, or between the insulation layer PL5 and the thin-filmtransistor layer TFT5. The second polarization layer PF52 may bedisposed at an outer side of the second glass substrate G52 relative tothe liquid crystal layer LC5. In the embodiment in FIG. 5, the firstpolarization layer PF51 is disposed between the first glass substrateG51 and the touch sensor layer TP5, and the second polarization layerPF52 is disposed at an outer side of the second glass substrate G52.

Further, a black matrix of the color filter layer CF5 may be integratedto spacing elements PS5 through a black matrix sharing technique tofurther reduce a thickness of the color filter layer CF5.

With the embodiments above, it is illustrated that a touching displaypanel of the present disclosure structurally integrates a touch sensorlayer, a thin-film transistor layer or a color filter layer to a glasssubstrate having a hard surface structure, so that the number ofsubstrates is decreased and a thickness of the touching display panel isalso reduced to resultantly offer an integrated touching display panelthat allows optimal circuit planning and design.

While the disclosure has been described by way of example and in termsof the preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the disclosureis not limited thereto. On the contrary, it is intended to cover variousmodifications and similar arrangements and procedures, and the scope ofthe appended claims therefore should be accorded the broadestinterpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and similararrangements and procedures.

What is claimed is:
 1. A touching display panel, comprising: a firstsubstrate, comprising a hard surface structure; a second substrate,disposed opposite to the hard surface structure of the first substrate;a liquid crystal layer, disposed between the first substrate and thesecond substrate; a touch sensor layer, disposed between the firstsubstrate and the liquid crystal layer, and disposed above the firstsubstrate; a thin-film transistor layer and a color filter layer, bothdisposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, at leastone of the thin-film transistor layer and the color filter layer beingdisposed above the first substrate; a first polarization layer, disposedbetween the first substrate and the touch sensor layer; and a secondpolarization layer, disposed at outside of the second substrate oppositeto the liquid crystal layer.
 2. The touching display panel according toclaim 1, wherein the hard surface structure comprises potassium (K). 3.The touching display panel according to claim 1, wherein the colorfilter layer is disposed above the first substrate and the thin-filmtransistor layer is disposed below the second substrate.
 4. The touchingdisplay panel according to claim 3, wherein the touch sensor layer isdisposed between the first substrate and the color filter layer.
 5. Thetouching display panel according to claim 1, wherein the thin-filmtransistor layer is disposed above the first substrate and the colorfilter layer is disposed below the second substrate.
 6. The touchingdisplay panel according to claim 5, wherein the touch sensor layer isdisposed between the first substrate and the thin-film transistor layer.7. The touching display panel according to claim 1, further comprising:an insulation layer, disposed between the touch sensor layer and thethin-film transistor layer.
 8. The touching display panel according toclaim 1, wherein the color filter layer is disposed between the touchsensor layer and the thin-film transistor layer, and the touch sensorlayer is disposed between the first substrate and the color filterlayer.
 9. A display device, comprising: a touching display panelaccording to claim 1; and a backlight module, for providing a backlightto the touching display panel.